Abstract: Distributed fiber optic sensing technology holds unparalleled advantages in oil and gas development.In this paper, we delve into the fundamental principles of distributed fiber optic sensing and borehole deployment methods, and provide an overview of its application in various petroleum engineering fields, e.g.hydraulic fracturing monitoring, production logging with coiled tubing, adjacent well fracturing surveillance, injection and production monitoring, gas storage safety monitoring, and casing damage detection.Our study reveals that fiber optic monitoring is an economically efficient form of surveillance with the potential to provide real-time monitoring across the entire lifecycle of oil and gas wells, and represents a cutting-edge, scientifically sound, and highly secure production logging technology.The paper also highlights that the future application of distributed fiber optic sensing in oilfields should concentrate on sensor performance enhancement, more application scenarios of fiber optic monitoring, better data processing and interpretation, and cost reduction to strengthen its application in oil and gas field development.