Abstract: Against the backdrop of sustained growth in global energy demand and the intensifying development of global hydrocarbon resources, fractured reservoirs have emerged as key targets for petroleum exploration and development. The accurate identification and evaluation of fractures are critical to the success of exploration and development and to the improvement of production efficiency in such reservoirs. This paper systematically reviews advances in log-based reservoir fracture evaluation from three perspectives: fracture types and characteristics, fracture evaluation parameters, and fracture identification and effectiveness assessment methods. Log-based reservoir fracture evaluation techniques are classified into three categories: qualitative and semi-quantitative fracture identification based on conventional well logs; fracture identification and effectiveness evaluation based on acoustic and electrical imaging logs; fracture identification and evaluation based on multi-source log data integration and artificial intelligence techniques. Fracture identification determines fracture locations or development intervals, while effectiveness evaluation analyzes fracture flow capacity, mechanical opening state, and productivity contribution potential. A diversified methodological framework for fracture evaluation has been established; however, developing a unified, quantitative fracture identification and evaluation system applicable to deep, complex, and unconventional reservoirs remains a fundamental challenge in this field. The integration of multiple logging techniques, geomechanical parameters, and artificial intelligence to construct a multi-dimensional evaluation model represents a development trend in fracture identification and effectiveness evaluation.