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    双重查表驱动的地震数据快速规则化方法

    Fast seismic data regularization using double lookup tables

    • 摘要: 复杂地区地震勘探受山地、农田、居民区等特殊地貌限制,往往难以实现规则化采集。此外,连片工区处理中,各区块观测系统参数的差异常导致拼接区域难以无缝融合。不规则采样地震数据在处理中容易产生空间假频与采集脚印等假象,需通过五维规则化实现数据的规则化与均匀化,以提升后续建模、成像及解释的效果。现有的规则化方法,主要通过反泄露傅里叶变换(ALFT)计算不规则地震数据的频谱,再反变换得到预设坐标的地震数据。但在处理五维地震数据时,数据量的指数级增长使得非规则离散傅里叶变换(NDFT)计算复杂度急剧膨胀,而且ALFT内部需要上百次迭代,导致五维规则化难以生产应用。因此,本文提出了双重查表驱动的地震数据快速规则化方法,一方面通过预计算自然指数降低NDFT的计算量,另一方面,以查表运算替代NDFT的多次迭代计算,仅需执行一次正反变换即可获得与传统ALFT相当的结果,效率提高接近百倍。目前该方法已经成功应用于中石化多个工区,通过多个实际资料的处理效果说明该方法的有效性。

       

      Abstract: Seismic exploration in complex areas is often constrained by challenging terrains such as mountains, farmlands, and residential zones, making regularized acquisition difficult. Furthermore, in merged-survey processing, discrepancies in acquisition geometries across different areas often hinder seamless data integration at the junction zones. Irregularly sampled seismic data tends to suffer from spatial aliasing and acquisition footprint artifacts during processing. Five-dimensional (5D) regularization is required to regularize and homogenize the data distribution, thereby enhancing the quality of subsequent modeling, imaging, and interpretation. Existing regularization methods primarily employ the Anti-leakage Fourier Transform (ALFT) to compute the spectrum of irregularly sampled seismic data, followed by inverse transformation to reconstruct the data onto predefined coordinates. However, for 5D seismic data, the exponential increase in data volume leads to prohibitive computational costs for Non-uniform Discrete Fourier Transform (NDFT) calculations. Combined with the hundreds of iterations required by ALFT, 5D regularization becomes unfeasible for industrial application. Therefore, this study proposes a fast seismic data regularization using double lookup tables method for seismic data. By pre-computing natural exponential terms, the computational burden of NDFT is significantly reduced; meanwhile, replacing iterative NDFT calculations with table lookup operations requires only a single forward-inverse transform pair to achieve results comparable to conventional ALFT, achieving approximately 100 times higher computational efficiency. Currently, this method has been successfully applied to multiple Sinopec surveys, with processing results from various field datasets demonstrating its effectiveness.

       

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