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    基于动态图像翘曲的时深双域层位映射方法研究

    Time-depth dual-domain horizon mapping based on dynamic image warping

    • 摘要: 深度域地震资料相比于时间域地震资料,在复杂地质构造、横向非均质性强的区域成像具有显著优势。目前,深度域层位解释资料逐步应用于储层综合预测,大部分工区时间域层位解释资料较为成熟,为了快速获取深度域层位,常规方法主要基于时深关系将时间域地震层位转换至深度域。由于时深关系的不准确,深度域层位解释结果常出现位置错误、串层等现象。基于此,本文提出了一种基于动态图像翘曲的时深双域层位映射方法,该方法通过寻找地下构造在时间域与深度域地震资料上的相似特征,建立三维转换因子,实现时间域和深度域层位相互映射。该方法利用动态规划思想建立相似性矩阵,基于该相似性矩阵进行动态累加规划,得到空间相似性矩阵体,从相似性矩阵体中按照最优路径逐步回溯生成转换因子,使用获取的转换因子来实现时间域与深度域层位的映射。将该方法应用于东部某油田的地震层位映射中,结果表明不同期、不同域采集的地震资料层位映射能够准确匹配,并且能准确跨越断距较大的断层,并且与常规层位自动追踪方法对比,准确率显著提升。

       

      Abstract: Compared with time-domain seismic data, depth-domain counterparts have significant advantages in imaging areas with complex geological structures and strong lateral heterogeneity. Depth-domain horizon interpretation data are being applied to comprehensive reservoir prediction. Time-domain horizon interpretation data are relatively mature in most work areas. To quickly obtain depth-domain horizons, conventional methods mainly convert time-domain interpretations to the depth domain based on the time-depth relationship. Due to inaccuracies in this relationship, the resulting depth-domain interpretations often suffer from positioning errors and horizon misalignment. Therefore, this paper proposes a time-depth dual-domain horizon mapping method based on dynamic image warping. By identifying similar structural features between time-domain and depth-domain seismic data, this method establishes a 3D conversion factor that enables mutual mapping of interpreted horizons across the two domains. This method employs dynamic programming to establish a similarity matrix, which is then used for dynamic accumulation planning to obtain a spatial similarity matrix volume. The conversion factor is subsequently generated by backtracking along the optimal path within this volume, and finally used to map horizons between the time and depth domains. A field-data test in an eastern China oil field shows that the method achieves accurate matching of horizons from seismic data acquired in different periods and different domains, and can accurately cross faults with large throw. Compared with conventional automatic horizon tracking methods, the proposed method shows a great improvement in accuracy.

       

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