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    多波地震技术在川西北地区致密砂岩气藏勘探中的应用

    Application of multi-wave seismic technology in tight sandstone gas reservoir exploration in northwest Sichuan

    • 摘要: 多波地震勘探在岩性识别、储层描述及含气性预测等方面具有显著优势,但由于纵波(P波)与横波(S波)传播机制不同,同一地质界面在反射纵波(PP波)与转换横波(PS波)数据中往往表现出不同的运动学和动力学特征,因而导致PP波与PS波之间难以实现高精度匹配,特别是在川西北地区沙溪庙组的致密砂岩内部信号较弱时,匹配难度更大。通过构建与PS波相似的拟横波地震数据,在大尺度上对PP波与PS波数据进行匹配,并采用动态滑动时窗进行局部自动精细匹配,实现了目的层纵、横波精确匹配。在此基础上,利用PS波数据计算相对横波阻抗,构建初始三维岩相体并将其作为约束,对PS波实施相控地质统计学反演,形成高精度的三维岩相体。进而以高精度三维岩相体为约束,对PP波数据开展相控地质统计学反演,获取相控PP波阻抗反演结果。结合相控横波阻抗反演结果,计算得到纵横波速度比,实现储层与含气性的有效预测。这种逐级相控多波联合预测方法提升了储层及其含气性的预测精度,钻井结果显示,储层厚度与含气性的预测值与实测值误差较小,证明了该方法的有效性。

       

      Abstract: Multi-wave seismic exploration offers distinct advantages in lithology identification, reservoir description, and gas-bearing property prediction. However, due to the different propagation mechanisms of longitudinal waves and transverse waves, the same geological interface often exhibits different kinematic and dynamic characteristics in the data of longitudinal waves (PP waves) and converted transverse waves (PS waves), which makes it difficult to achieve high-precision matching between PP waves and PS waves, especially in the northwest Sichuan region, especially when the signal inside the tight sandstone of the Shaximiao Formation is weak, the matching difficulty is even greater. By constructing pseudo shear wave seismic data similar to PS waves, the PP wave and PS wave data were matched on a large scale, and dynamic sliding time windows were used for local automatic fine matching, achieving precise matching of longitudinal and transverse waves in the target layer. On this basis, using converted shear wave data to calculate relative shear wave impedance, an initial three-dimensional lithofacies body is constructed and used as a constraint to perform phase controlled geostatistical inversion on the converted shear waves, forming a high-precision three-dimensional lithofacies body. Furthermore, constrained by high-precision three-dimensional lithofacies bodies, phase controlled geostatistical inversion is carried out on longitudinal wave data to obtain phase controlled longitudinal wave impedance inversion results. Based on the inversion results of phase controlled transverse wave impedance, the ratio of longitudinal and transverse wave velocities is calculated to achieve effective prediction of reservoir and gas bearing properties. This step-by-step phased multi wave joint prediction method improves the accuracy of reservoir and gas content prediction. Drilling results show that the predicted values of reservoir thickness and gas content have small errors compared to the measured values, proving the effectiveness of the method.

       

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