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    基于多属性融合的断缝体地震预测技术以川西大邑须三气藏为例

    Seismic prediction of fault-fracture units based on multi-attribute fusion: A case study of Xu-3 gas reservoirs in Dayi, western Sichuan Basin

    • 摘要: 断缝体作为一种新储集体类型,正逐步成为四川盆地须家河组致密砂岩气藏的研究重点和攻关方向之一。川西大邑地区须家河组三段气藏(简称须三气藏)为典型的低孔低渗致密砂岩气藏,区内断裂发育,断层及裂缝对烃源的沟通及储层储渗能力的改造具有极其重要的作用,具备形成断缝体气藏的基础。为此,首先开展了大邑须三气藏富集因素分析,明确了断层及裂缝对气藏的控制作用;然后,对裂缝的形成进行了分类,在此基础上研究了基于多属性融合的断缝体地震预测技术,对大邑须三气藏断缝体开展了地震精细刻画。研究结果表明:①大邑须三气藏的基质孔隙度很低,基本不具有油气聚集及运移的能力,主要的储集空间及油气运移通道为断层及裂缝网络;②基于对称性属性的三维照明体技术能够去除噪音和采集脚印影响,加强断裂的线状特征,提高断裂分辨能力,预测的断裂分布更符合地质规律;③曲度对于褶皱相关裂缝的预测效果更好,照明体与曲度结合的方法对于断缝体的刻画效果更佳;④多属性融合+三维可视化断裂雕刻技术使断缝体得到全面展示及三维空间表征,有利于井位部署与优选。该方法技术可实现断层伴生缝和褶皱相关缝的精细刻画,以及断缝体空间表征的建立,对同类地区的断缝体预测具有重要借鉴意义。

       

      Abstract: As a new reservoir type, the fault-fracture unit is becoming a research focus and key direction for the exploration of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin. Gas in the third member of Xujiahe Formation (Xu-3 Member) in the Dayi area, western Sichuan Basin, typically occurs in tight sandstones with low porosity and low permeability. Faults are well-developed in this area, and both faults and fractures play a crucial role in connecting hydrocarbon sources and improving reservoir porosity and permeability. Therefore, this area has the fundamental conditions for the formation of fault-fracture gas reservoirs. In this paper, the fault-fracture control on Xu-3 gas accumulation is analyzed, followed by the genetic classification of fractures. Seismic prediction of fault-fracture units is then implemented based on multi-attribute fusion. The following results are obtained. First, the matrix porosity of Xu-3 gas reservoirs in the Dayi area is too low to support hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. The fault-fracture network acts as the dominant reservoir space and migration channels. Second, 3D illumination based on the symmetry attribute mitigates the impacts of noise and acquisition footprints and improves fault resolution by enhancing linear features. The predicted fault distribution is therefore geologically plausible. Third, the curvedness attribute is sensitive to fold-related fractures, and the combination of the illumination volume with curvedness provides a better characterization of fault-fracture units. Fourth, multi-attribute fusion integrated with 3D visualization enables the comprehensive display and 3D characterization of fault-fracture units. This integration is beneficial for well location deployment and optimization. This method achieves precise characterization of fault-associated and fold-related fractures as well as fault-fracture units, and provides an important reference for predicting fault-fracture units in similar regions.

       

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