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    基于互相关时差标准差最小化的节点坐标二次定位方法

    A coordinate scanning secondary positioning method based on standard deviation minimization of cross-correlation time difference

    • 摘要: 海底节点(OBN)的高精度定位是保障地震数据质量的关键环节之一。然而,现有的二次定位方法或由于所依赖的初至拾取精度不高而导致其稳健性不足,或因计算成本高昂而导致定位效率低,难以满足高精度、高效率勘探需求。为此,提出一种基于互相关时差标准差最小化的节点坐标二次定位方法。该方法通过在节点初始坐标的邻域构建扫描网格进行线性动校正,并与模拟子波进行互相关计算,提取各网格点对应的道间相对时差序列,并以该序列的标准差作为波形同相轴一致性的物理度量。该度量极小值对应的坐标即为节点的最优位置。实际OBN数据应用结果表明,该方法有效规避了对初至波拾取的依赖,展现出良好的稳健性和较高的计算效率,可显著改善地震道集的动校正效果,增强叠加剖面同相轴的连续性,压制由定位误差导致的成像假象,提升定位精度与成像质量。

       

      Abstract: The spatial positioning accuracy of ocean bottom nodes (OBNs) is a critical factor in ensuring the quality of seismic data imaging. However, existing secondary positioning methods suffer from either insufficient robustness due to their reliance on first-break picking accuracy or low efficiency stemming from high computational costs, thus failing to meet the demands of high-precision and high-efficiency seismic exploration. To address these issues, a coordinate scanning secondary positioning method based on the principle of minimizing the standard deviation of cross-correlation time differences was proposed. This method worked by constructing a scanning grid within the neighborhood of the node’s initial coordinates. For each grid point, linear normal moveout (NMO) correction was applied, followed by cross-correlation with a simulated wavelet to extract a sequence of inter-trace relative time differences. The standard deviation of this sequence served as a physical measure of waveform event coherence, with the minimum value indicating the optimal node location. Application to actual OBN data demonstrates that the method effectively circumvents the dependency on first-break picking, exhibiting superior robustness and computational efficiency. After correction, the moveout-corrected gather shows significantly improved flatness, and the stacked section displays enhanced event continuity. This successfully suppresses imaging artifacts caused by positioning errors, validating the method’s effectiveness in improving both positioning accuracy and imaging quality and indicating its broad potential for engineering applications.

       

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