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    OBN采集地震数据二次定位关键方法及其应用效果评价以WX工区为例

    Key methods for OBN data secondary positioning and assessment of application results: A case study of WX area

    • 摘要: 海底节点(ocean bottom node,OBN)采集是目前海洋地震勘探获取高品质资料的重要采集方式,而节点二次定位又是OBN采集质控关键环节之一,其定位精度会直接影响地震成像的质量,因此有必要利用OBN采集的地震数据进行节点二次定位,以获取OBN的实际位置。为满足OBN采集过程中海量数据的高效、高精度定位需求,依托WX工区实际数据,从方法原理、定位精度以及定位效率等方面对基于最小二乘的圆−圆相交定位方法和基于网格扫描的定位方法进行了对比分析,实现了对定位结果的量化评价。测试结果表明,相较于圆−圆相交定位方法,网格扫描定位方法的定位精度具有一定优势,其定位误差小于2.5 m,满足生产需求;同时,分析认为影响网格扫描定位精度的主要因素有数据类型、圆形排列半径以及炮点分布均匀度等。网格扫描定位方法在WX工区的应用结果表明,选择半径为300 m的圆形数据进行二次定位较为合适,且圆形区域内的炮点分布越均匀、越对称,定位精度越高。研究成果为中石化海洋OBN地震勘探实现高品质数据采集及高质量成像打下坚实基础。

       

      Abstract: Ocean bottom node (OBN) acquisition is an important method in marine seismic exploration for obtaining high-quality data. Node relocation is a crucial quality control step in this process, as its accuracy directly affects imaging quality. Therefore, it is necessary to perform node relocation using OBN data to precisely determine actual node positions. To meet the requirements for high-efficiency high-precision positioning in mass OBN data acquisition, this paper analyzes two methods: least squares-based circle-circle intersection and grid scanning, using field data from WX area. We investigate their principles, accuracy, and efficiency, and implement a quantitative quality control evaluation of their results. Test results indicate a clear advantage in positioning accuracy for the grid scanning method over the circle-circle intersection method; the former achieves errors of less than 2.5 m, meeting operational requirement. The study identifies data type, circular radius, and the spatial uniformity of shot points as the main accuracy determinants for the grid scanning method. The case study of WX area suggests that a radius of 300 m is suitable for node relocation, and more even and symmetrical shot point distribution within the circular area leads to higher positioning accuracy. This study provides a solid foundation for high-quality data acquisition and imaging in Sinopec's marine OBN seismic exploration.

       

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