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    基于单频相位的低序级断裂识别技术研究与应用以塔里木盆地牙哈断裂构造带为例

    Research and application of low-grade fault identification technique based on single-frequency phase: A case study of Yaha fault zone, Tarim Basin

    • 摘要: 低序级断裂是油气调整运移的重要通道,也是影响油气藏分布格局的主要因素之一。但这类断裂的断距和规模均较小,其地震响应弱,且受振幅不连续信息和噪声影响严重,因而此类断裂的识别难度大、资料多解性强、规律性差。针对这一问题,采用基于单频相位的断裂识别技术对低序级断裂进行了解释。该技术包括4个关键步骤:①利用时频变换,计算单频相位体,结合断裂地震反射特征,优选敏感频段;②对敏感频段内单频相位体进行边缘保护平滑滤波,提高断裂识别能力;③基于多个单频相位体,开展人工智能断裂识别;④断裂属性融合处理。将该技术应用于塔里木盆地牙哈地区的地震资料解释,精细刻画了牙哈断裂构造带主要目的层各尺度断裂的空间展布特征,尤其对低序级断裂信息的识别,表现出较强的抗噪性和规律性,为后续油气藏的精细高效开发奠定了基础。

       

      Abstract: Low-grade faults serve as primary pathways for hydrocarbon migration and redistribution, thereby controlling reservoir distribution. However, their identification is challenging due to subtle displacements, small sizes, and weak discontinuous seismic responses that are often obscured by noises. To address this issue, we adopt an identification technique using single-frequency phase to identify low-grade fractures, which comprises four key steps: (1) calculating single-frequency phase volumes via time-frequency transform and optimizing sensitive frequency bands based on seismic signatures; (2) applying edge-preserving filtering to the single-frequency phase volumes within the sensitive bands to enhance fault imaging; (3) performing artificial intelligence-based fault identification by integrating multiple filtered volumes; (4) fusing the resultant attributes for a comprehensive interpretation. The application of this method in Yaha fault zone of the Tarim Basin demonstrates the successful delineation of multi-scale fault distribution in the main target layers. Its exceptional performance in mapping low-grade faults, characterized by robust noise resistance and structural regularity, provides the foundation for future high-precision high-efficiency development of hydrocarbon reservoirs.

       

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