Abstract: Great achievements have been made in deep oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin, especially the blocks represented by Tahe and Shunbei, where high-yield oil and gas reservoirs have been encountered in deep–ultradeep strata (˃7 000 m). However, the key technologies for deep–ultradeep oil and gas exploration have not been systematically reviewed. In essence, the exploration targets of middle-shallow and deep-ultra-deep oil and gas are high-quality oil and gas reservoirs. Either shallow–medium or deep–ultradeep oil and gas exploration, essentially, targets high-quality reservoirs. In the latter, however, the wave-medium interaction is more complex, necessitating the changes in excitation, reception and shot-receiver arrangement. Moreover, the concepts and methods of deep–ultradeep oil and gas seismic exploration need to be raised to a new level. This paper takes the in-phase stacking of seismic wavelets reflected/scattered from various shot-receiver pairs at the same reflection/scattering point in the underground medium as the core concept of deep–ultradeep seismic wave imaging. Firstly, the changes in the physical mechanism for the detection of deep–ultradeep oil and gas reservoirs are analyzed. Then, the new challenges posed by these changes to seismic data acquisition techniques are discussed, and accordingly the seismic data acquisition techniques suitable for detecting deep–ultradeep oil and gas reservoirs. Specifically, in view of seismic data preprocessing, a noise suppression technique for data with strong noise and weak signals is proposed; in view of seismic wave imaging, a velocity modeling methodology required for imaging medium, deep and ultradeep geological bodies is proposed. Finally, centered on the fidelity and high-resolution imaging gathers, the equivalence of data processing in the prestack data domain and the prestack imaging domain is highlighted, and a reasonable methodology of high-precision seismic wave imaging for deep–ultradeep oil and gas reservoirs is formed, allowing the imaging results to fit into the characterization and evaluation of deep–ultradeep oil and gas reservoirs.