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    基于机器学习的稀疏浅井微地震数据自动处理技术

    Automated processing of sparse shallow-hole microseismic data based on machine learning

    • 摘要: 近年来,随着地热资源开发、储气库和CCUS工程的广泛开展,微地震技术成为监测其长期运行期间重要风险的主要技术手段之一。传统的微地震技术主要应用于页岩油水力压裂等的短期监测,而长期监测则存在数据采集成本高、自动化程度低等局限。针对微地震长期监测的应用需求,构建了基于机器学习的微地震数据自动化处理流程,并利用压裂信号质量较好的干热岩压裂稀疏浅井的观测数据进行流程的应用效果测试,经与传统处理流程的对比分析,验证了机器学习处理技术在微地震长期监测中的可靠性。应用结果表明,基于神经网络的信号去噪和震相识别算法可显著提高数据信噪比和P,S震相识别率;基于高斯混合关联模型的自动质控算法可有效剔除误拾,进一步提升了震相识别准确率,最终的微地震定位结果与传统处理流程下处理人员质控后的定位结果接近。因此,微地震自动化处理流程用于稀疏浅井长期监测微地震数据处理是切实可行的。

       

      Abstract: Microseisms play an important role in long-term risk monitoring for geothermal extraction, gas storage construction and operation, and CCUS. Conventional microseismic techniques were developed for short-term monitoring, e.g. shale oil hydro-fracturing, and suffer from such limitations as high acquisition costs and low automation levels in long-term monitoring applications. To address the application requirements of long-term monitoring, an automated processing flow based on machine learning is established and tested using sparse high-quality microseismic data acquired from hot dry rock fracturing with shallow-hole receivers. Comparative analysis with a traditional processing flow demonstrates the reliability of machine-learning methods for long-term microseismic monitoring. The results show that neural network-based denoising and phase identification algorithms significantly improve the S/N ratio and P- and S-phase identification. The automatic quality control algorithm based on the Gaussian Mixture Model effectively eliminates false picks and further enhances phase identification. Microseism locations obtained from this automated workflow are comparable to those derived from the traditional method with manual quality control. These results confirm the feasibility of this processing flow for long-term monitoring through automated processing of sparse shallow-hole microseismic data.

       

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