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    密度波形反演的滤波特性分析与全波数模型构建

    Analysis of filtering characteristics of density waveform inversion and full model wavenumber construction

    • 摘要: 全波形反演的本质是基于Born弱散射近似下的扰动模型全波数谱重建过程,低−中−高波数(即层析+偏移)同步或异步成功恢复是反演的关键。密度建模是全波形反演的一大挑战,密度与速度高度耦合性是密度反演尚未克服的难题,同时,密度反演存在另一重大缺陷,即速度−密度参数化模式下的密度反演结果存在偏移效应,无法恢复模型中的低波数信息。为此,在容忍速度−密度参数耦合的前提下,着力于解决密度反演固有的偏移特征。首先,利用链式法则推导出速度−密度参数化模式下各自的敏感核函数,借助远场平面波假设,推导了新的速度−密度梯度中振幅、波数和散射角关系式,并解释密度反演具备的偏移特征。然后,通过数学变换推导出密度梯度Laplace滤波形式,进而针对密度参数建立积分目标函数,并推导出新的密度梯度表达式,使之在梯度求解过程中抵消常规密度梯度中的滤波效应,释放低波数信息以期完成全波数模型反演。最后,基于双层模型分析了新、旧密度梯度算子对层析+偏移的贡献。利用Marmousi模型进行密度单参数和速度−密度双参数同步反演测试,结果验证了新方法对密度残差模型的全波数谱重建的准确性和有效性。

       

      Abstract: Based on the born weak scattering approximation, the essence of full waveform inversion is a process to construct the full wavenumber spectrum of the perturbation model. The low-medium-high wavenumber (as we known as tomography+migration) reconstruction successful is the key to the full waveform inversion. Density inversion is a big challenge for full waveform inversion, the high coupling of density and velocity make a big problem to density inversion that has not be solved well. However, density inversion has another major problem: under the velocity-density parameterization, the density inversion results has the migration effect, and the low wavenumber information in the model cannot be constructed. In this paper, under the condition of ignoring the coupling of velocity-density parameterization, we focus on solving the migration characteristics. Firstly, the chain-rules is used to derive the sensitive kernel functions under the velocity-density parameterization mode, and with the far-field plane wave approximation, the relationship between amplitude, wavenumber and scattering angle in the new velocity-density gradient is derived to explain the migration effect of density inversion. Then the new density gradient with Laplace filtering form is derived, and we establish a new objective function based on integration for the density. So that a new density gradient is derived to suppress the filtering effect and implement a full wavenumber model inversion by releasing the low wavenumber information. Finally, the contribution of the new and old method to tomography+migration parts in density gradient is analyzed by the two-layer model. The accuracy and effectiveness of the density full-wavenumber residual model spectrum reconstruction is verified by the Marmousi model with density single-parameter and velocity-density two-parameter simultaneous inversion test.

       

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