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    基于快速成像的观测系统评价方法及应用

    A fast imaging-based geometry evaluation method and its application

    • 摘要: 利用传统的基于偏移成像技术的地震数据采集观测系统设计方式得到的成像结果比较准确,对靶区的分析也较为直观,但传统的偏移方法需要进行大量的波场模拟,因而需要高性能的计算设备以及大量的时间,因此必须要考虑地震采集观测系统方案设计阶段的时效性。为了给复杂地区采集观测系统方案设计提供更精确、更快捷的论证手段,开展了基于快速偏移成像的地震数据采集观测系统评价技术研究,本文主要论述作者关于观测系统的评价方法。提出了基于快速偏移成像的观测系统评价方法,采用的快速偏移成像方法的主要步骤为点扩散函数计算和高维空间褶积,利用给定模型和观测系统高效获取Hessian近似算子,再和模型反射率(高波数信息)进行高维空间卷积,最终实现对地下目标体的高效成像。对比分析了不同覆盖次数、不同面元尺寸、不同横纵比和不同炮道密度对成像效果的影响。该方法在西南高陡构造、西北缝洞体、南海复杂断块工区观测系统评价的应用中均取得了良好的应用效果。

       

      Abstract: The conventional method of migration-based geometry design is accurate and illustrative for target analysis. However, routine migration cannot be accomplished without high-performance computers and a lot of computation time for wavefield modeling. To improve the time-efficiency and accuracy of assessing seismic geometry design, particularly for a survey with complicated surface and subsurface conditions, we develop a seismic geometry evaluation method based on fast migration. This method involves point spread function computation and convolution in a higher-dimensional space. Specifically, the Hessian approximate operator is derived quickly from a preset model and a recording geometry, and then convolves with the reflectivities of the model (indicating the information of large wave numbers) in a higher-dimensional space, for subsurface imaging with high efficiency. Moreover, the imaging effects at varying folds, bin sizes, aspect ratios and trace densities are comparatively analyzed. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the geometry evaluation in southwest surveys with steeply dipping structures, northwest surveys with fractured-vuggy reservoirs, and the South China Sea with complex fault blocks.

       

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