Abstract: There has been a breakthrough in the study of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the Jingyan area of the Sichuan Basin. However, the highly diverse and heterogeneous reservoirs, and the unclear seismic response characteristics and plane distribution rules of the different dolomite and dolomitic limestone reservoirs, restrict the direction of oil and gas exploration in this area. Based on the regional geological research background, two forward models of dolomite and dolomitic limestone reservoirs of different types, thicknesses, and development positions were established and simulated using drilling, logging, and seismic data. The main factors affecting the variation of seismic reflection characteristics in the Qixia Formation were summarized, and the identification modes for different types of reservoirs were established. The plane change of the sedimentary environment was determined by combining drilling lithology, logging facies, and seismic facies, while the favorable position of dolomite reservoir development was determined by the fluctuation of paleogeomorphology. In the existing seismic data, the seismic response characteristics of the thin-layer dolomite, dolomitic limestone, and calcareous dolomite thin-interbedded reservoirs were not significantly different. Using waveform decomposition and reconstruction technologies, the study statistically classified seismic waveforms with different energies. Based on the reservoir fine calibration, the waveform components representing the response characteristics of the dolomite, dolomitic limestone, and calcareous dolomite reservoirs were optimized. This allowed for qualitative determination of the plane distribution of different types of reservoirs, while the spatial distribution was quantitatively determined using color filter impedance inversion technology. Combined with the sedimentation, structure, reservoir, and hydrocarbon sources, favorable areas for reservoir development in the Qixia Formation were delineated, and favorable exploration targets were defined. The results of this study show that the Jingyan area is located on the southern margin of the central Sichuan Paleo-uplift and the different types of reservoirs in the Qixia Formation are controlled by paleogeomorphology. A higher paleogeomorphology indicates higher degree of dolomitization. Thick and large dolomite reservoirs are mainly distributed in the northwest of the study area, while thin dolomite, dolomitic limestone, and calcareous dolomite reservoirs are mainly distributed in the south and northeast. Favorable reservoir development areas and superimposed areas with structural and dissolution fractures are favorable for further oil and gas exploration.