Abstract: This study reviewed the history of petroleum and gas exploration in the Sinopec region in the Tarim Basin, summarized the experience and lessons, and identified three significant petroleum and gas exploration achievements.We also outlined the exploration difficulties of different exploration areas and different types of oil and gas reservoirs in the Tarim Basin and the progress and application results of major geophysical exploration techniques.The practice of oil and gas exploration has shown that discovering large oil and gas fields is inseparable from theoretical innovations and technological progress, especially three-dimensional high-precision seismic exploration technology.In the face of deeper, smaller, and more concealed geological exploration targets, we proposed to consolidate the research foundation of the development mechanism of seismic wave fields, develop high-precision seismic acquisition technology in ultra-deep and low signal-to-noise ratio areas, address the processing technology of low-sequence faults and small-scale fracture-cavity targets, and ascertain the technology of the structure under the condition of a complex velocity field in a foremountain.Artificial intelligence technology and pre-stack and post-stack combined application technology were applied in the prediction and hydrocarbon detection of highly heterogeneous carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirs.