高级检索

    VTI介质VSP数据地震干涉成像方法

    VSP interferometric imaging in VTI media

    • 摘要: 高陡构造及盐下构造成像是当前油气勘探研究的重点和难点之一,采用地表激发竖直井接收的数据采集方式可获取高陡构造信息。此外,井间地震数据包含的有关高陡构造的信息更为丰富,但是在实际采集中井间地震成本较高。为实现复杂各向异性介质高陡构造的精确成像,首先基于互易定理推导了VTI介质下的垂直地震剖面干涉公式,然后根据互相关原理去除两个炮记录中传播路径重合的地震波,得到虚拟源数据,使观测系统更接近成像目标、高陡构造信息更丰富,再将虚拟源数据与井中激发井中接收的地震数据进行比对,以验证虚拟源数据的正确性,最后将地震干涉得到的虚拟源数据作为逆时偏移的输入炮记录,完成地震数据成像处理。对比基于各向异性介质和各向同性介质假设的逆时偏移成像结果发现,考虑介质的各向异性时,虚拟源数据对高陡构造的成像更连续,成像结果噪声更少,证明了干涉成像方法在VTI介质的可行性,可以有效提升高陡构造及盐下构造的成像精度。

       

      Abstract: Imaging of high-angle and sub-salt structures is one of the key and challenging aspects in current oil and gas exploration research. The data acquisition method of surface excitation and vertical well reception can be used to obtain information about high-steep structures. In addition, cross-well seismic data contains even richer information about high-steep structures. However, in actual acquisition, cross-well seismic surveys are costly. To achieve the accurate imaging of high-angle structures in complex anisotropic media, this paper presents an interferometric method. The VSP interferometry formula for VTI media is derived based on the reciprocity theorem. The principle of cross correlation is used to eliminate seismic waves with overlapping propagation paths in two shot records and generate the responses of a virtual source, which simulates a recording geometry moving closer to the targets for more information about high-angle structures. A comparative study is performed to check whether or not virtual source data are consistent with the VSP data acquired using the source and geophones in the borehole. The final image is the reverse time migration results of virtual source data. Numerical tests show that anisotropic migration is superior to isotropic migration in continuous imaging of high-angle structures with reduced noises. The proposed VSP interferometric method is a feasible solution to VTI media imaging and may effectively improve the imaging accuracy of high-angle and sub-salt structures.

       

    /

    返回文章
    返回